Explorations of Early Islamic History & Civilization (EEIHC)

The Letter via Bostra: How Geography Proves Heraclius Was in Northern Syria in 630 CE

The Trader and the 'Caesar': How Abu Sufyan Met the Wrong Heraclian—And Why It Matters

The Caucasian Kings of Egypt: How Shahrwaraz and Cyrus Became 'Al-Muqawqis'—And Why It Changes Everything

Paper, Parchment, and Prophecy: The Real Story of the Prophet Muhammad’s Letter to the Negus

The Messenger's Tale & The Emperor's Gold: Dissecting Islam's Two 'Lost' Heraclius Traditions

The Puppet's Rage: al-Ḥārith ibn Abī Shamir's March 630 CE Ultimatum and the Collapse of Roman Frontier Politics

From Parchment to Coinage: Which Aksumite Kings Were the Two Neguses?

Bowstring, Stone, or Sword: Who Killed Yazdgird III? (651 CE)

A Verse-by-Verse Reconstruction of the Qur'an's Targeted Combatants

The Killings That Islam Came to Annihilate: Honor Killings and the Jurisprudence of Divine Justice